Anti-stress action of several orally-given β-glucans.

BACKGROUND β-Glucans are well-established immunomodulators. Recently, glucans have been found to influence stress-related immunosuppression. AIM The aim of this study was to compare the effects of four different types of β-glucans on immune reactions suppressed by cold- or restrain-induced stress. METHODS Mice were subjected to restraint and cold stress for various time intervals. The ability of individual glucans to overcome stress-related changes was evaluated after 14 days of feeding. RESULTS First, we showed that cold stress caused 38% decrease in phagocytic activity. While all glucans showed some ability to inhibit stress-related inhibition, only glucan #300 was able to return the phagocytosis to a normal level. In the control group, feeding with glucans did not alter the level of corticosterone. On the other hand, both types of stress resulted in a significant increase in corticosterone which was blocked to some extent by feeding with glucan. Both types of stress reduced IL-6 secretion but only glucan #300 managed to keep IL-6 secretion above control levels. The same results were obtained in the case of IL-12. CONCLUSION From our data, we can conclude that, even when all orally-administered glucans helped to restore the stress-related decrease in immune reaction, the level of activity varied widely among individual glucans. In addition, the results suggest that glucans might work via inhibition of corticosterone levels and/or stimulation of cytokine production.